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A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
Microcom Networking Protocol. The Microcom Networking Protocol s, almost always shortened to MNP, [1] is a family of error-correcting protocols commonly used on early high-speed (2400 bit/s and higher) modems. Originally developed for use on Microcom 's own family of modems, the protocol was later openly licensed and used by most of the modem ...
Causes. It has been suggested that idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia has an autoimmune mechanism, and is a possible complication of undifferentiated connective tissue disease; [2] however, not enough research has been done at this time to find a cause. Patients with NSIP will often have other unrelated lung diseases like COPD or ...
The overhead of 64b/66b encoding is 2 coding bits for every 64 payload bits or 3.125%. This is a considerable improvement on the 25% overhead of the previously-used 8b/10b encoding scheme, which added 2 coding bits to every 8 payload bits. The overhead can be reduced further by doubling the payload size to produce the 128b/130b encoding used by ...
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Executive Intelligence Review. Executive Intelligence Review ( EIR) is a weekly newsmagazine founded in 1974 by the American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. [1] Based in Leesburg, Virginia, it maintains offices in a number of countries, according to its masthead, including Wiesbaden, Berlin, Copenhagen, Paris, Melbourne, and Mexico City.
ECMs are a theoretically-driven approach useful for estimating both short-term and long-term effects of one time series on another. The term error-correction relates to the fact that last-period's deviation from a long-run equilibrium, the error, influences its short-run dynamics. Thus ECMs directly estimate the speed at which a dependent ...