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The Open Door Policy ( Chinese: 門戶開放政策) is the United States diplomatic policy established in the late 19th and early 20th century that called for a system of equal trade and investment and to guarantee the territorial integrity of Qing China. The policy was created in U.S. Secretary of State John Hay 's Open Door Note, dated ...
The Open Door was included in the Lansing–Ishii Agreement and internationalized in the Nine-Power Treaty. Views on the Open Door range from it being a cover for economic imperialism to an example of self-fulfilling moral exceptionalism or enlightened self-interest in American foreign policy. Foreign-policy expertise
The Open Door Policy under President McKinley and Secretary of State John Hay guided U.S. policy towards China, as they sought to keep open trade equal trade opportunities in China for all countries. Roosevelt mediated the peace that ended the Russo-Japanese War and reached the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 limiting Japanese immigration.
Died. December 8, 1914. (1914-12-08) (aged 60) William Woodville Rockhill (April 1, 1854 – December 8, 1914) was a United States diplomat, best known as the author of the U.S.'s Open Door Policy for China, the first American to learn to speak Tibetan, and one of the West's leading experts on the modern political history of China.
The Open Door policy was rooted in the desire of the government in Washington to pressure big business to invest in and trade with the supposedly huge Chinese markets. The policy won nominal support of all the rivals, and it also tapped the deep-seated sympathies of those who opposed imperialism by its policy pledging to protect China's ...
The Root–Takahira Agreement (高平・ルート協定, Takahira-Rūto Kyōtei) was a major 1908 agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan that was negotiated between United States Secretary of State Elihu Root and Japanese Ambassador to the United States Takahira Kogorō. It was a statement of longstanding policies held by ...
Nine-Power Treaty. , the driving force behind the Open Door policy. The Nine-Power Treaty ( Kyūkakoku Jōyaku ( Japanese: 九カ国条約)) or Nine-Power Agreement ( Chinese: 九國公約; pinyin: jiǔ guó gōngyuē) was a 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of China as per the Open Door Policy.
Guide to the Diplomatic History of the United States 1775–1921 (1935) bibliographies; out of date and replaced by Beisner (2003) Blume, Kenneth J. Historical Dictionary of U.S. Diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I (2005) Brady, Steven J. Chained to History: Slavery and US Foreign Relations to 1865 (Cornell University Press, 2022 ...