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France, [a] officially the French Republic, [b] is a country located primarily in Western Europe. It also includes overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, [XII] giving it one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world.
France is divided into eighteen administrative regions ( French: régions, singular région [ʁeʒjɔ̃] ), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe ), while the other five are overseas regions (not to be confused with the overseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status). [1]
France was a very decentralised state during the Middle Ages. The authority of the king was more religious than administrative. The 11th century in France marked the apogee of princely power at the expense of the king when states like Normandy, Flanders or Languedoc enjoyed a local authority comparable to kingdoms in all but name.
In the administrative divisions of France, the department ( French: département, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃] ⓘ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes. Ninety-six departments are in metropolitan France, with an additional five ...
Map of the provinces of France as they appeared in 1789. They were abolished the following year. Under the Ancien Régime, the Kingdom of France was subdivided in multiple different ways (judicial, military, ecclesiastical, etc.) into several administrative units, until the National Constituent Assembly adopted a more uniform division into departments (départements) and districts in late 1789.
Vichy France ( French: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ( État français ), was the French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. It was named after its seat of government, the city of Vichy. Officially independent, but with half of its territory occupied under the harsh ...
The Government of France ( French: Gouvernement français, pronounced [ɡuvɛʁnəmɑ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛ] ), officially the Government of the French Republic ( Gouvernement de la République française, [ɡuvɛʁnəmɑ̃ də la ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ), exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the prime minister, who is the head of ...
While France is a unitary state, its administrative subdivisions—regions, departments and communes—have various legal functions, and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations. France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community, later the European Union.
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