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In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind. For example, 3 × 5 is an integer factorization of 15, and (x – 2) (x + 2) is a polynomial ...
The cube of a number or any other mathematical expression is denoted by a superscript 3, for example 23 = 8 or (x + 1)3 . The cube is also the number multiplied by its square : n3 = n × n2 = n × n × n. The cube function is the function x ↦ x3 (often denoted y = x3) that maps a number to its cube. It is an odd function, as.
Difference of two squares. In mathematics, the difference of two squares is a squared (multiplied by itself) number subtracted from another squared number. Every difference of squares may be factored according to the identity. in elementary algebra .
Fermat's factorization method, named after Pierre de Fermat, is based on the representation of an odd integer as the difference of two squares : That difference is algebraically factorable as ; if neither factor equals one, it is a proper factorization of N . Each odd number has such a representation. Indeed, if is a factorization of N, then.
This formula can be straightforwardly transformed into a formula for the roots of a general cubic equation, using the back-substitution described in § Depressed cubic. The formula can be proved as follows: Starting from the equation t 3 + pt + q = 0, let us set t = u cos θ. The idea is to choose u to make the equation coincide with the identity
Cabtaxi numbers are numbers that can be expressed as a sum of two positive or negative integers or 0 cubes in n ways. The smallest cabtaxi number, after Cabtaxi (1), is 91, [5] expressed as: or. The smallest Cabtaxi number expressed in 3 different ways is 4104, [6] expressed as. , or.
Solve for y using any method for solving such equations (e.g. conversion to a reduced cubic and application of Cardano's formula). Any of the three possible roots will do. Folding the second perfect square. With the value for y so selected, it is now known that the right side of equation is a perfect square of the form
The fundamental theorem can be derived from Book VII, propositions 30, 31 and 32, and Book IX, proposition 14 of Euclid 's Elements . If two numbers by multiplying one another make some number, and any prime number measure the product, it will also measure one of the original numbers. — Euclid, Elements Book VII, Proposition 30.