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In the mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. The field of strength of materials deals with forces and deformations that result from their acting on a material. A load applied to a mechanical member will induce internal forces within the member ...
https://nptel.ac.in/. The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is an Indian e-learning platform for university-level science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. NPTEL is the largest e-repository in the world of courses in engineering, basic sciences and selected humanities and management subjects. [1]
The Tsai-Wu criterion predicts failure when the failure index in a laminate reaches 1. This failure criterion is a specialization of the general quadratic failure criterion proposed by Gol'denblat and Kopnov [2] and can be expressed in the form. where and repeated indices indicate summation, and are experimentally determined material strength ...
A universal testing machine ( UTM ), also known as a universal tester, [1] universal tensile machine, materials testing machine, materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength (pulling) and compressive strength (pushing), flexural strength, bending, shear, hardness, and torsion testing, providing valuable data for designing and ...
e. In physics and materials science, plasticity (also known as plastic deformation) is the ability of a solid material to undergo permanent deformation, a non-reversible change of shape in response to applied forces. [1] [2] For example, a solid piece of metal being bent or pounded into a new shape displays plasticity as permanent changes occur ...
Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical property of solid materials that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness when the force is applied lengthwise. It is the modulus of elasticity for tension or axial compression. Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) applied to the object and the ...
This material exhibits an ultra-high hardness, higher than any reported ultrafine-grained nickel. The exceptional strength is resulted from the appearance of low-angle grain boundaries, which have low-energy states efficient for enhancing structure stability. Another method to stabilize grain boundaries is the addition of nonmetallic impurities.
The strain hardening exponent (also called the strain hardening index ), usually denoted , a constant often used in calculations relating to stress–strain behavior in work hardening. It occurs in the formula known as Hollomon's equation (after John Herbert Hollomon Jr.) who originally posited it as. [1]