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Cochran's C test. Cochran's test, [1] named after William G. Cochran, is a one-sided upper limit variance outlier statistical test . The C test is used to decide if a single estimate of a variance (or a standard deviation) is significantly larger than a group of variances (or standard deviations) with which the single estimate is supposed to be ...
Multiple comparisons problem. An example of coincidence produced by (uncorrected multiple comparisions) showing a correlation between the number of letters in a spelling bee's winning word and the number of people in the United States killed by venomous spiders. Given a large enough pool of variables for the same time period, it is possible to ...
Fisher's exact test is a statistical significance test used in the analysis of contingency tables. [1] [2] [3] Although in practice it is employed when sample sizes are small, it is valid for all sample sizes. It is named after its inventor, Ronald Fisher, and is one of a class of exact tests, so called because the significance of the deviation ...
Cross-validation, [2] [3] [4] sometimes called rotation estimation [5] [6] [7] or out-of-sample testing, is any of various similar model validation techniques for assessing how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set.
One-way analysis of variance. In statistics, one-way analysis of variance (or one-way ANOVA) is a technique to compare whether two or more samples' means are significantly different (using the F distribution ). This analysis of variance technique requires a numeric response variable "Y" and a single explanatory variable "X", hence "one-way". [1]
Normality test. In statistics, normality tests are used to determine if a data set is well-modeled by a normal distribution and to compute how likely it is for a random variable underlying the data set to be normally distributed. More precisely, the tests are a form of model selection, and can be interpreted several ways, depending on one's ...
Pearson's correlation coefficient, when applied to a sample, is commonly represented by and may be referred to as the sample correlation coefficient or the sample Pearson correlation coefficient. We can obtain a formula for r x y {\displaystyle r_{xy}} by substituting estimates of the covariances and variances based on a sample into the formula ...
Sampling (statistics) In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The subset is meant to reflect the whole population and statisticians ...