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2. Optimal stopping - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_stopping

   Optimal stopping. In mathematics, the theory of optimal stopping [1] [2] or early stopping [3] is concerned with the problem of choosing a time to take a particular action, in order to maximise an expected reward or minimise an expected cost. Optimal stopping problems can be found in areas of statistics, economics, and mathematical finance ...

3. Boundary value problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_value_problem

   Explanation. Boundary value problems are similar to initial value problems.A boundary value problem has conditions specified at the extremes ("boundaries") of the independent variable in the equation whereas an initial value problem has all of the conditions specified at the same value of the independent variable (and that value is at the lower boundary of the domain, thus the term "initial ...

4. Riemann hypothesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis

   Yang–Mills existence and mass gap. v. t. e. In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is the conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part 1 2. Many consider it to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics. [1]

5. List of unsolved problems in mathematics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

   Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.

6. Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus

   Problems 1–6 compute divisions of a certain number of loaves of bread by 10 men and record the outcome in unit fractions. Problems 7–20 show how to multiply the expressions 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 = 7/4, and 1 + 2/3 + 1/3 = 2 by different fractions. Problems 21–23 are problems in completion, which in modern notation are simply subtraction problems.

7. Problem solving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving

   Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...

8. Goat grazing problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_grazing_problem

   The answer to the problem as proposed was given in the 1749 issue of the magazine by a Mr. Heath, and stated as 76,257.86 sq.yds. which was arrived at partly by "trial and a table of logarithms". The answer is not so accurate as the number of digits of precision would suggest. No analytical solution was provided. A useful approximation

9. Division (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(mathematics)

   Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic. The other operations are addition, subtraction, and multiplication. What is being divided is called the dividend, which is divided by the divisor, and the result is called the quotient. At an elementary level the division of two natural numbers is, among other possible interpretations ...