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Chinese postman problem. A worked example of an undirected Chinese postman problem: 1. Each street must be traversed at least once, starting and ending at the post office at A. 2. Four vertices with odd degree (orange) are found on its equivalent graph. 3. The pairing with the lowest total length is found. 4.
Solution of a travelling salesperson problem: the black line shows the shortest possible loop that connects every red dot. The travelling salesman problem, also known as the travelling salesperson problem (TSP), asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns ...
In mathematics, the unknotting problem is the problem of algorithmically recognizing the unknot, given some representation of a knot, e.g., a knot diagram. There are several types of unknotting algorithms. A major unresolved challenge is to determine if the problem admits a polynomial time algorithm; that is, whether the problem lies in the ...
Kakuro or Kakkuro or Kakoro ( Japanese: カックロ) is a kind of logic puzzle that is often referred to as a mathematical transliteration of the crossword. Kakuro puzzles are regular features in many math-and-logic puzzle publications across the world. In 1966, [1] Canadian Jacob E. Funk, an employee of Dell Magazines, came up with the ...
Sylvester's theorem or Sylvester's formula describes a particular interpretation of the sum of three pairwise distinct vectors of equal length in the context of triangle geometry. It is also referred to as Sylvester's (triangle) problem in literature, when it is given as a problem rather than a theorem. The theorem is named after the British ...
Square packing in a square. Square packing in a square is the problem of determining the maximum number of unit squares (squares of side length one) that can be packed inside a larger square of side length . If is an integer, the answer is but the precise – or even asymptotic – amount of unfilled space for an arbitrary non-integer is an ...
In number theory, Ramanujan's sum, usually denoted cq ( n ), is a function of two positive integer variables q and n defined by the formula. where ( a, q) = 1 means that a only takes on values coprime to q . Srinivasa Ramanujan mentioned the sums in a 1918 paper. [1]
The 24 puzzle is an arithmetical puzzle in which the objective is to find a way to manipulate four integers so that the end result is 24. For example, for the numbers 4, 7, 8, 8, a possible solution is . The problem has been played as a card game in Shanghai since the 1960s, [1] using playing cards. It has been known by other names, including ...