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Cumulative inequality theory or cumulative disadvantage theory is the systematic explanation of how inequalities develop. The theory was initially developed by Merton in 1988, [1] who studied the sciences and prestige. He believed that recognition from peers, and from published research in the scientific field created cumulative advantage or ...
Systems of linear inequalities A system of linear inequalities is a set of linear inequalities in the same variables: Here are the unknowns, are the coefficients of the system, and are the constant terms. This can be concisely written as the matrix inequality where A is an m × n matrix, x is an n ×1 column vector of variables, and b is an m ×1 column vector of constants. [citation needed ...
is a system of three equations in the three variables x, y, z. A solution to a linear system is an assignment of values to the variables such that all the equations are simultaneously satisfied. In the example above, a solution is given by the ordered triple since it makes all three equations valid.
Structural inequality can be encouraged and maintained in society through structured institutions such as state governments, and other cultural institutions like government run school systems with the goal of maintaining the existing governance/tax structure regardless of wealth, employment opportunities, and social standing of different identity groups by keeping minority students from high ...
The term "stratification system" is sometimes used to refer to the complex social relationships and social structures that generate these observed inequalities.
World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective) [3] is a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis. [3] World-systems theorists argue that their theory explains the rise and fall of states, income inequality ...
A Theory of Justice. A Theory of Justice is a 1971 work of political philosophy and ethics by the philosopher John Rawls (1921–2002) in which the author attempts to provide a moral theory alternative to utilitarianism and that addresses the problem of distributive justice (the socially just distribution of goods in a society).
Concentration inequality. In probability theory, concentration inequalities provide mathematical bounds on the probability of a random variable deviating from some value (typically, its expected value ). The law of large numbers of classical probability theory states that sums of independent random variables, under mild conditions, concentrate ...