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The African independence movements took place in the 20th century, when a wave of struggles for independence in European-ruled African territories were witnessed. Notable independence movements took place: Algeria (former French Algeria), see Algerian War. Angola (former Portuguese Angola), see Portuguese Colonial War.
1960 is referred to as the Year of Africa because of a series of events that took place during the year—mainly the independence of seventeen African nations—that highlighted the growing Pan-African sentiments in the continent. The year brought about the culmination of African independence movements and the subsequent emergence of Africa as ...
The Lancaster House conferences were three meetings (1960, 1962, 1963) in which Kenya 's constitutional framework and independence were negotiated. The first conference was under the chairmanship of Secretary of State for the Colonies Iain Macleod in January 1960. There was no agreement, and Macleod issued an interim constitution.
Kenneth Kaunda, a leading Zambian independence activist, pictured at a political rally in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1960.. African nationalism is an umbrella term which refers to a group of political ideologies in West, Central, East and Southern Africa, which are based on the idea of national self-determination and the creation of nation states. [1]
Front page of Die Transvaler, 7 October 1960, announcing republican victory by 70,000 votes. A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. . The Afrikaner-dominated right-wing National Party, which had come to power in 1948, was avowedly republican and regarded the position of Queen Elizabeth II as the South African monarch as a relic of British imperialism.
As a result, the political tensions that had been present at previous Independence Conferences were absent at this final conference. [6] The Independence Conferences took place between September 25 and October 19, 1963 and the Independence Constitution was finally completed. [6] On December 12, 1963 Kenya officially declared its independence.
The United Nations Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, or the Special Committee on Decolonization (C-24), is a committee of the United Nations General Assembly that was established in 1961 and is exclusively devoted to the issue of decolonization.
The All-Africa Peoples Conference was conceived by Ghana's Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah, his advisor George Padmore, and others to continue the tradition of the Pan-African Congress, which had last met in 1945 in Manchester. It represented the opinion that the end of European colonial rule was near, and in the words of the conference's Chairman ...