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  2. Gyroscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroscope

    Description and diagram Diagram of a gyro wheel. Reaction arrows about the output axis (blue) correspond to forces applied about the input axis (green), and vice versa. A gyroscope is an instrument, consisting of a wheel mounted into two or three gimbals providing pivoted supports, for allowing the wheel to rotate about a single axis. A set of ...

  3. Fibre-optic gyroscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre-optic_gyroscope

    A looped fibre-optic coil multiplies the effective area by the number of loops. A fibre-optic gyroscope ( FOG) senses changes in orientation using the Sagnac effect, thus performing the function of a mechanical gyroscope. However its principle of operation is instead based on the interference of light which has passed through a coil of optical ...

  4. Gyrocompass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrocompass

    A gyrocompass makes use of one of the seven fundamental ways to determine the heading of a vehicle. [1] A gyroscope is an essential component of a gyrocompass, but they are different devices; a gyrocompass is built to use the effect of gyroscopic precession, which is a distinctive aspect of the general gyroscopic effect.

  5. Attitude indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_indicator

    The attitude indicator ( AI ), formerly known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is a flight instrument that informs the pilot of the aircraft orientation relative to Earth's horizon, and gives an immediate indication of the smallest orientation change. The miniature aircraft and horizon bar mimic the relationship of the aircraft ...

  6. Inertial navigation system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system

    Design. Inertial navigation is a self-contained navigation technique in which measurements provided by accelerometers and gyroscopes are used to track the position and orientation of an object relative to a known starting point, orientation and velocity. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) typically contain three orthogonal rate-gyroscopes and ...

  7. Ring laser gyroscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_laser_gyroscope

    Ring laser gyroscope. A ring laser gyroscope ( RLG) consists of a ring laser having two independent counter-propagating resonant modes over the same path; the difference in phase is used to detect rotation. It operates on the principle of the Sagnac effect which shifts the nulls of the internal standing wave pattern in response to angular rotation.

  8. Precession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession

    In physics, there are two types of precession: torque-free and torque-induced. In astronomy, precession refers to any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters. An important example is the steady change in the orientation of the axis of rotation of the Earth, known as the precession of the equinoxes.

  9. Inertial measurement unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_measurement_unit

    Inertial measurement unit. An inertial measurement unit ( IMU) is an electronic device that measures and reports a body's specific force, angular rate, and sometimes the orientation of the body, using a combination of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and sometimes magnetometers. When the magnetometer is included, IMUs are referred to as IMMUs.

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