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A key symptom of coronary ischemia is chest pain or pressure, known as angina pectoris. Angina may present typically with classic symptoms or atypically with symptoms less often associated with heart disease. Atypical presentations are more common in women, diabetics, and elderly individuals.. Angina may be stable or unstable.
A myocardial infarction ( MI ), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. [1] The most common symptom is retrosternal chest pain or discomfort that classically radiates to the left shoulder, arm, or jaw. [1]
Levine's sign is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain. [1] It is named for Samuel A. Levine (1891–1966), an influential American cardiologist, who first observed that many patients with chest pain made this same sign to describe their symptoms. This clenched fist signal may be seen in patients with acute ...
Coronary artery disease ( CAD ), also called coronary heart disease ( CHD ), ischemic heart disease ( IHD ), [13] myocardial ischemia, [14] or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. [5] [6] [15] It is the most common of the ...
Complications. Coronary artery disease. Unstable angina is a type of angina pectoris [1] that is irregular or more easily provoked. [2] It is classified as a type of acute coronary syndrome. [3] It can be difficult to distinguish unstable angina from non-ST elevation (non-Q wave) myocardial infarction.
Cardiac ischemia may be asymptomatic or may cause chest pain, known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the heart muscle, or myocardium , receives insufficient blood flow. [9] This most frequently results from atherosclerosis , which is the long-term accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaques in the coronary arteries .
Acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies. [1] The most common symptom is centrally located pressure-like chest pain, often radiating to the left shoulder [2] or angle of the jaw, and ...
The principal symptom is typically chest pain, known as angina pectoris; people who present with angina must prompt evaluation for possible acute coronary syndrome. [2] Acute coronary syndromes are classified to two major categories, according to the patient's electrocardiogram, and specifically the presence or absence of persistent (>20 min ...
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