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Four causes. Aristotle 's Four Causes illustrated for a table: material (wood), formal (structure), efficient (carpentry), final (dining). The four causes or four explanations are, in Aristotelian thought, four fundamental types of answer to the question "why?" in analysis of change or movement in nature: the material, the formal, the efficient ...
Lyceum (classical) Plato and Aristotle walking and disputing. Detail from Raphael 's The School of Athens (1509–1511) The Lyceum ( Ancient Greek: Λύκειον, romanized : Lykeion) was a temple in Athens dedicated to Apollo Lyceus ("Apollo the wolf-god" [1] ). It was best known for the Peripatetic school of philosophy founded there by ...
Kepler was born on 27 December 1571, in the Free Imperial City of Weil der Stadt (now part of the Stuttgart Region in the German state of Baden-Württemberg ). His grandfather, Sebald Kepler, had been Lord Mayor of the city. By the time Johannes was born, the Kepler family fortune was in decline. His father, Heinrich Kepler, earned a precarious ...
Alexander III of Macedon ( Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized : Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, [c] was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. [d] He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20 and spent most of his ruling years ...
Aristotelian physics. Aristotelian physics is the form of natural philosophy described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). In his work Physics, Aristotle intended to establish general principles of change that govern all natural bodies, both living and inanimate, celestial and terrestrial – including all motion ...
Epistola Alexandri ad Aristotelem. The Epistola Alexandri ad Aristotelem ("Letter of Alexander to Aristotle") is a purported letter from Alexander the Great to the philosopher Aristotle concerning his adventures in India. Although accepted for centuries as genuine, it is today regarded as apocryphal. [1] It is the primary source for most of the ...
Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being (hereinafter WMCF) is a book by George Lakoff, a cognitive linguist, and Rafael E. Núñez, a psychologist. Published in 2000, WMCF seeks to found a cognitive science of mathematics, a theory of embodied mathematics based on conceptual metaphor .
Plato ( Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn, from Ancient Greek: πλατύς, romanized : platys, lit. 'broad') is actually a nickname. Although it is a fact the philosopher called himself Platon in his maturity, the origin of this name remains mysterious. Platon was a fairly common name (31 instances are known from Athens alone), [8] but the name ...