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The Emishi ( 蝦夷) (also called Ebisu and Ezo ), written with Kanji that literally mean " shrimp barbarians ," constituted an ancient ethnic group of people who lived in parts of Honshū, especially in the Tōhoku region, referred to as michi no oku (道の奥, roughly "deepest part of the road") in contemporary sources.
From the mid-Heian period onward, Emishi who did not fall under the governance of the Yamato Kingship were singled out as northern Emishi. They began to be referred to as "Ezo" (Emishi). The first written reference to "Ezo", which is thought to be Ainu, can be found in Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba, which was written in 1356. Indeed, Ainu have lived ...
Jōmon people ( 縄文 人, Jōmon jin) is the generic name of the indigenous hunter-gatherer population that lived in the Japanese archipelago during the Jōmon period ( c. 14,000 to 300 BC ). They were united through a common Jōmon culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity.
Ezo (蝦夷) or Ezogashima (蝦夷ヶ島) (lit. ' Island of the Ezo ') was divided into several districts. The first was the Wajinchi, or 'Japanese Lands', which covered the Japanese settlements on and around the Oshima Peninsula. The rest of Ezo was known as the Ezochi (蝦夷地) (lit. ' Ezo-land '), or 'Ainu Lands'. Ezochi was in turn ...
Meiji government tried to unify the registered system of Shūmon Ninbetsu Aratame Chō in consonant with that of each other among domains and prefectures into a single registered system of koseki. However population were still surveyed by domains until the Abolition of the han system in 1871. The total population of Japan on July 28, 1870 ...
The Republic of Ezo (蝦夷共和國, Ezo Kyōwakoku) was a short-lived separatist state established in 1869 on the island of Ezo, now Hokkaido, by a part of the former military of the Tokugawa shogunate at the end of the Bakumatsu period in Japan. It was the first government to attempt to institute democracy in Japan, though voting was allowed ...
The Matsumae Domain (松前藩), a prominent domain during the Edo period, was situated in Matsumae, Matsumae Island (Ishijima), which is currently known as Matsumae Town, Matsumae District, Hokkaido, via Tsugaru District, Oshima Province. The clan's leader, also known as the lord of the domain, constructed Matsumae Fukuyama Castle in the same ...
During the Hōki era (770-781), a widespread rebellion by the Emishi against the Yamato invaders erupted in the Kitakami River valley. Yamato forces lost several battles and a large counter-offensive in 776 AD failed. By 780 AD, the Emishi had advanced to the Sendai plains, even destroying settlements to the south of Iji Castle.