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In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
Character entity references are also sometimes referred to as named entities, or HTML entities for HTML. HTML's usage of character references derives from SGML. HTML character references. A numeric character reference in HTML refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh;
The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name; where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs.
A metacharacter is a character that has a special meaning to a computer program, such as a shell interpreter or a regular expression (regex) engine.. In POSIX extended regular expressions, there are 14 metacharacters that must be escaped (preceded by a backslash (\)) in order to drop their special meaning and be treated literally inside an expression: opening and closing square brackets ([and ...
Escape character. In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is a character that invokes an alternative interpretation on the following characters in a character sequence. An escape character is a particular case of metacharacters. Generally, the judgement of whether something is an escape character or not depends on the context.
For example, the character é (Small e with acute accent, HTML entity code é) can be obtained by pressing Alt+1 3 0. First press the Alt key (and keep it depressed) with your left hand, then press the digit keys 1 , 3 , 0 , in sequence, one by one, in the right-side numeric keypad part of the keyboard, then release the Alt key.
The backslash character \ can not be entered by adding another backslash in front of it (\\); this sequence is used for line breaking. For introducing a backslash in math mode, you can use \backslash instead which gives . The command \tilde produces a tilde which is placed over the next letter.
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.