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2. Dopaminergic pathways - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminergic_pathways

   Dopaminergic pathways ( dopamine pathways, dopaminergic projections) in the human brain are involved in both physiological and behavioral processes including movement, cognition, executive functions, reward, motivation, and neuroendocrine control. [1] Each pathway is a set of projection neurons, consisting of individual dopaminergic neurons.

3. People are zapping their brains at home to improve ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/news/people-zapping-brains-home...

   The use of at-home brain stimulation devices including tDCS is flourishing among a group of enthusiasts, who say the tool gives them a mental edge. People are zapping their brains at home to ...

4. Transcranial magnetic stimulation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic...

   Transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp.

5. Neurostimulation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurostimulation

   Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system 's activity using invasive (e.g. microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial electric stimulation, tES, such as tDCS or transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS). Neurostimulation usually refers to the electromagnetic ...

6. Brain stimulation reward - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_stimulation_reward

   Brain stimulation reward ( BSR) is a pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions, originally discovered by James Olds and Peter Milner. BSR can serve as a robust operant reinforcer. Targeted stimulation activates the reward system circuitry and establishes response habits similar to those established by ...

7. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic–pituitary...

   Schematic of the HPA axis (CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a ...