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In mathematics, taking the nth root is an operation involving two numbers, the radicand and the index or degree. Taking the nth root is written as , where x is the radicand and n is the index (also sometimes called the degree). This is pronounced as "the nth root of x". The definition then of an nth root of a number x is a number r (the root ...
Sturm's theorem. In mathematics, the Sturm sequence of a univariate polynomial p is a sequence of polynomials associated with p and its derivative by a variant of Euclid's algorithm for polynomials. Sturm's theorem expresses the number of distinct real roots of p located in an interval in terms of the number of changes of signs of the values of ...
The general form of a quartic equation is. Graph of a polynomial function of degree 4, with its 4 roots and 3 critical points. where a ≠ 0. The quartic is the highest order polynomial equation that can be solved by radicals in the general case (i.e., one in which the coefficients can take any value).
Root-finding algorithms. In numerical analysis, a root-finding algorithm is an algorithm for finding zeros, also called "roots", of continuous functions. A zero of a function f, from the real numbers to real numbers or from the complex numbers to the complex numbers, is a number x such that f(x) = 0. As, generally, the zeros of a function ...
In algebra, a quartic function is a function of the form. α. where a is nonzero, which is defined by a polynomial of degree four, called a quartic polynomial . A quartic equation, or equation of the fourth degree, is an equation that equates a quartic polynomial to zero, of the form. where a ≠ 0. [1]
Bring radical. Plot of the Bring radical for real argument. In algebra, the Bring radical or ultraradical of a real number a is the unique real root of the polynomial. The Bring radical of a complex number a is either any of the five roots of the above polynomial (it is thus multi-valued ), or a specific root, which is usually chosen such that ...
Vieta's formulas can equivalently be written as. for k = 1, 2, ..., n (the indices ik are sorted in increasing order to ensure each product of k roots is used exactly once). The left-hand sides of Vieta's formulas are the elementary symmetric polynomials of the roots. Vieta's system (*) can be solved by Newton's method through an explicit ...
Halley's method. In numerical analysis, Halley's method is a root-finding algorithm used for functions of one real variable with a continuous second derivative. Edmond Halley was an English mathematician and astronomer who introduced the method now called by his name. The algorithm is second in the class of Householder's methods, after Newton's ...