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Livonia in 1820. Livonia[a] or in earlier records Livland, [1] is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the shores of present-day Latvia. By the end of the 13th century, the name was extended to most of present-day Estonia and Latvia, which the Livonian Brothers of the Sword ...
Magnus of Livonia. The Livonian War (1558–1583) was fought for control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
Kingdom of Livonia. The Kingdom of Livonia[a] was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia. Russian tsar Ivan IV declared the establishment of the kingdom during the Livonian War of 1558–1583, but it never functioned properly as a polity. In 1570, the Danish duke Magnus was crowned in Moscow as the king of Livonia.
Swedish Estonia is coloured green. [1] The Duchy of Livonia, [2][a] also referred to as Polish Livonia or Livonia, [b] was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that existed from 1561 to 1621. It corresponds to the present-day areas of northern Latvia and southern Estonia.
Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for 'Land of Mary ') was the formal name [1] for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. [b][4] It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia. It was established on 2 February 1207, [5] as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, [6] and lost ...
Livonians. The Livonians, or Livs, [7] are a Balto-Finnic people indigenous to northern and northwestern Latvia. Livonians historically spoke Livonian, a Uralic language closely related to Estonian and Finnish. Initially, the last person to have learned and spoken Livonian as a mother tongue, Grizelda Kristiņa, died in 2013, making Livonian a ...
The Governorate of Livonia, also known as the Livonia Governorate, [ a ] was a province ( guberniya) and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, Baltic Governorate-General until 1876. Governorate of Livonia bordered Governorate of Estonia to the north, Saint Petersburg and Pskov Governorates to the east, Courland Governorate to ...
Between 1237 and 1290, the Livonian Order conquered all of Courland, Livonia, and Semigallia. In 1298, Lithuanians took Karkus Castle north of Riga, and defeated the order in the Battle of Turaida, killing Livonian Land Master Bruno and 22 knights. [4] In 1346, the order bought the Duchy of Estonia from King Valdemar IV of Denmark.