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  2. Rationalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalism

    Rationalism – as an appeal to human reason as a way of obtaining knowledge – has a philosophical history dating from antiquity.The analytical nature of much of philosophical enquiry, the awareness of apparently a priori domains of knowledge such as mathematics, combined with the emphasis of obtaining knowledge through the use of rational faculties (commonly rejecting, for example, direct ...

  3. Critique of Pure Reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason

    The logical subject is a mere idea, not a real substance. Unlike Descartes, who believes that the soul may be known directly through reason, Kant asserts that no such thing is possible. Descartes declares cogito ergo sum, but Kant denies that any knowledge of "I" may be possible. "I" is only the background of the field of apperception and as ...

  4. Psyche (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psyche_(psychology)

    Psychology is the scientific or objective study of the psyche. The word has a long history of use in psychology and philosophy , dating back to ancient times, and represents one of the fundamental concepts for understanding human nature from a scientific point of view.

  5. Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning

    Descartes' background in geometry and mathematics influenced his ideas on the truth and reasoning, causing him to develop a system of general reasoning now used for most mathematical reasoning. Similar to postulates, Descartes believed that ideas could be self-evident and that reasoning alone must prove that observations are reliable.

  6. Nature versus nurture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture

    Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and society about the relative influence on human beings of their genetic inheritance (nature) and the environmental conditions of their development ().

  7. Cube Route - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_Route

    Cube Route is a fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, the twenty-seventh book of the Xanth series. Pangrammatic window The ...

  8. Euclidean geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry

    Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements.Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions from these.

  9. Heliocentrism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism

    Andreas Cellarius's illustration of the Copernican system, from the Harmonia Macrocosmica. Heliocentrism [a] (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe.