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Description. In the professional literature, the effect is often named Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA), or Radiation-induced darkening. The loss of power or 'darkening' occurs because the chemical bonds forming the optical fiber core are disrupted by the impinging high energy resulting in the appearance of new electronic transition states ...
In a typical amorphous silicon solar cell the efficiency is reduced by up to 30% in the first 6 months as a result of the Staebler–Wronski effect, and the fill factor falls from over 0.7 to about 0.6. This light induced degradation is the major disadvantage of amorphous silicon as a photovoltaic material. Methods of reducing the SWE
Phototoxicity, also called photoirritation, is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring light, that does not involve the immune system. [1] It is a type of photosensitivity. [1] [2] The skin response resembles an exaggerated sunburn. The involved chemical may enter into the skin by topical administration, or it may reach the skin via ...
Self-focusing is a non-linear optical process induced by the change in refractive index of materials exposed to intense electromagnetic radiation. [1] [2] A medium whose refractive index increases with the electric field intensity acts as a focusing lens for an electromagnetic wave characterized by an initial transverse intensity gradient, as ...
Overview. Biological systems exist as a complex interplay of countless cellular components interacting across four dimensions to produce the phenomenon called life. While it is common to reduce living organisms to non-living samples to accommodate traditional static imaging tools, the further the sample deviates from the native conditions, the more likely the delicate processes in question ...
Thermophoresis. Thermophoresis (also thermomigration, thermodiffusion, the Soret effect, or the Ludwig–Soret effect) is a phenomenon observed in mixtures of mobile particles where the different particle types exhibit different responses to the force of a temperature gradient. This phenomenon tends to move light molecules to hot regions and ...
Photoinhibition is light-induced reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of a plant, alga, or cyanobacterium. Photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to light than the rest of the photosynthetic machinery, and most researchers define the term as light-induced damage to PSII. In living organisms, photoinhibited PSII centres are continuously ...
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a phenomenon that is observed with certain organic luminophores (fluorescent dyes). [1] [2] [3] The photoemission efficiencies of most organic compounds is higher in solution than in the solid state. Photoemission from some organic compounds follows the reverse pattern, being greater in the solid than in ...