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  2. Consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness

    Although it is widely accepted that Descartes explained the problem cogently, few later philosophers have been happy with his solution, and his ideas about the pineal gland have especially been ridiculed. [53] However, no alternative solution has gained general acceptance.

  3. Solipsism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solipsism

    Solipsism (/ ˈ s ɒ l ɪ p s ɪ z əm / ⓘ SOLL-ip-siz-əm; from Latin solus 'alone' and ipse 'self') [1] is the philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. As an epistemological position, solipsism holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure; the external world and other minds cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind.

  4. Simulation hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis

    René Descartes (1596–1650) and his evil demon concept, sometimes also called his 'evil genius' concept [58] Aztec philosophical texts theorized that the world was a painting or book written by the Teotl .

  5. Tabula rasa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_rasa

    Roman tabula, or wax tablet, with stylus. Tabula rasa (/ ˈ t æ b j ə l ə ˈ r ɑː s ə,-z ə, ˈ r eɪ-/; Latin for "blank slate") is the idea of individuals being born empty of any built-in mental content, so that all knowledge comes from later perceptions or sensory experiences.

  6. Brain in a vat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_in_a_vat

    The brain-in-a-vat is a contemporary version of the argument given in Hindu Maya illusion, Plato's Allegory of the Cave, Zhuangzi's "Zhuangzi dreamed he was a butterfly", and the evil demon in René Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy.

  7. Snell's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law

    Snell's law (also known as the Snell–Descartes law, the ibn-Sahl law, [1] and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.

  8. General Scholium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Scholium

    In his book The World, Descartes suggests that the creation of the solar system and the circular motion of the planets around the Sun can be explained with the phenomena of "swirling vortices". [2] Descartes also claimed that the world is made out of tiny "corpuscles" of matter, and that no vacuum could exist.

  9. Imaginary number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_number

    An illustration of the complex plane. The imaginary numbers are on the vertical coordinate axis. Although the Greek mathematician and engineer Heron of Alexandria is noted as the first to present a calculation involving the square root of a negative number, [6] [7] it was Rafael Bombelli who first set down the rules for multiplication of complex numbers in 1572.