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Interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people. [1] It is also an area of research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish several personal and relational goals. [1]
The cover of The Peter Principle (1970 Pan Books edition). The Peter principle is a concept in management developed by Laurence J. Peter which observes that people in a hierarchy tend to rise to "a level of respective incompetence": employees are promoted based on their success in previous jobs until they reach a level at which they are no longer competent, as skills in one job do not ...
Psychology. In social psychology, an interpersonal relation (or interpersonal relationship) describes a social association, connection, or affiliation between two or more persons. It overlaps significantly with the concept of social relations, which are the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences.
They may then further adjust their inferences by taking into account dispositional information as well. [ 27 ] [ 36 ] Causal attributions however seem to be formed either by processing visual information using perceptual mechanisms, or by activating knowledge structures (e.g. schemas) or by systematic data analysis and processing. [ 37 ]
Social alienation is a person's feeling of disconnection from a group – whether friends, family, or wider society – with which the individual has an affiliation. Such alienation has been described as "a condition in social relationships reflected by (1) a low degree of integration or common values and (2) a high degree of distance or isolation (3a) between individuals, or (3b) between an ...
Individualism makes the individual its focus, [1] and so starts "with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation". [4] Individualism is often defined in contrast to communitarianism, collectivism and corporatism. [5][6] Individualism has been used as a term denoting " [t]he quality ...
The same message may have very different effects depending on the audience and the occasion. For this reason, the speaker should take these factors into account and compose their message accordingly. [72] [74] Many of the basic elements of the Aristotelian model of communication are still found in contemporary models. [2]
Contingency theory. A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. Contingent leaders are flexible in choosing and adapting to ...