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2. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

3. Garnet - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnet

   The garnet family is one of the most complex in the gem world. It is not a single species, but is composed of multiple species and varieties. [54] It is the state mineral of Connecticut, [55] New York's gemstone, [56] and star garnet (garnet with rutile asterisms) is the state gemstone of Idaho. [57]

4. Lapidary (text) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidary_(text)

   A lapidary is a text in verse or prose, often a whole book, that describes the physical properties and metaphysical virtues of precious and semi- precious stones, that is to say, a work on gemology. [1] It was frequently used as a medical textbook since it also comprises practical information about the alleged medical application of each stone.

5. Gemology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemology

   Gemology. Examining a pink sapphire under a gemmological microscope. Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a specific interdisciplinary branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers (and many non-jewelers) are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems. [1][2]

6. GEMS Education - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEMS_Education

   GEMS Education, founded as Global Education Management Systems (GEMS), is an international education company. It is one of the world's largest private school operators, [ 1 ] and as of late 2022 it operates more than 60 schools across the Middle East and North Africa , and also has schools in Asia , Europe , and North America . [ 1 ]

7. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

   Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate; Help; Learn to edit; Community portal; Recent changes; Upload file

8. Diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond

   Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond as a form of carbon is a tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable ...

9. Gemstone irradiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_irradiation

   Gemstone irradiation. Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is artificially irradiated in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [1] As a result, the gem­stone's color may ...