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Sophistical Refutations ( Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι, romanized : Sophistikoi Elenchoi; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle 's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies. [note 1] According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece ( Soph. Ref ...
Organon. The Organon ( Ancient Greek: Ὄργανον, meaning "instrument, tool, organ") is the standard collection of Aristotle 's six works on logical analysis and dialectic. The name Organon was given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, who maintained against the Stoics that Logic was "an instrument" of Philosophy. [1]
In Aristotle's Prior Analytics, Aristotle himself employs the use of signs. [24] : pp.212–224 [25] But Epicurus presented his 'canonic' as rival to Aristotle's logic. [24] : pp.19–34 See: Lucretius (c. 99 BCE – c. 55 BCE) De rerum natura ( On the nature of things ) a didactic poem explaining Epicurus' philosophy and physics.
Part IV, in eighteen chapters, deals with the different species of fallacy enumerated by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations (De sophisticis elenchis). Chapters 2-4 deal with the three modes of equivocation. Chapters 5-7 deal with the three types of amphiboly. Chapter 8 deals with the fallacies of composition, and division.
De Sophisticis Elenchis (c. 350 BC) Topics (c. 350 BC) De Inventione (84 BC) Rhetorica ad Herennium (80 BC) De Oratore (55 BC) A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions (c. 50 BC) De Optimo Genere Oratorum (46 BC) Orator (46 BC) On the Sublime (c. 50) Institutio Oratoria (95) Panegyrici Latini (100–400) Dialogus de oratoribus (102) De ...
Forensic rhetoric, as coined in Aristotle 's On Rhetoric, encompasses any discussion of past action including legal discourse—the primary setting for the emergence of rhetoric as a discipline and theory. This contrasts with deliberative rhetoric and epideictic rhetoric, which are reserved for discussions concerning future and present actions ...
Aristotle made substantial contributions to economic thought, especially to thought in the Middle Ages. In Politics , Aristotle addresses the city, property , and trade . His response to criticisms of private property , in Lionel Robbins 's view, anticipated later proponents of private property among philosophers and economists, as it related ...
Sophist. A sophist ( Greek: σοφιστής, romanized : sophistēs) was a teacher in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics and mathematics. They taught arete, "virtue" or "excellence", predominantly to young statesmen and nobility .