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Extrapyramidal symptoms ( EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects ( EPSE ). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
In anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions. [1] The system is called extrapyramidal to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the pyramids of the medulla. The pyramidal tracts ( corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tracts) may ...
Akathisia. Akathisia (IPA: /æ.kə.ˈθɪ.si.ə/) is a movement disorder [5] characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness accompanied by mental distress and an inability to sit still. [6] [4] Usually, the legs are most prominently affected. [2] Those affected may fidget, rock back and forth, or pace, [7] while some may just have ...
The definition of "atypicality" was based upon the absence of extrapyramidal side effects, but there is now a clear understanding that atypical antipsychotics can still induce these effects (though to a lesser degree than typical antipsychotics).
Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. [1] Movement disorders are synonymous with basal ganglia or extrapyramidal diseases. [2] Movement disorders are conventionally divided into five major categories- hyperkinetic and ...
Benzatropine. Benzatropine ( INN [2] ), known as benztropine in the United States and Japan, [3] is a medication used to treat movement disorders like parkinsonism and dystonia, as well as extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics, including akathisia. [4] It is not useful for tardive dyskinesia. [4] It is taken by mouth or by injection ...
Tardive dyskinesia ( TD) is a disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips. [1] Additionally, there may be chorea or slow writhing movements. [1] In about 20% of people with TD, the disorder interferes with daily functioning. [3]
Side effects Sedation is very common, and extrapyramidal side effects are common and include restlessness, dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism , and akathisia ; the extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of people.