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National Insurance ( NI) is a fundamental component of the welfare state in the United Kingdom. It acts as a form of social security, since payment of NI contributions establishes entitlement to certain state benefits for workers and their families. Introduced by the National Insurance Act 1911 and expanded by the Labour government in 1948, the ...
National health insurance ( NHI ), sometimes called statutory health insurance ( SHI ), is a system of health insurance that insures a national population against the costs of health care. It may be administered by the public sector, the private sector, or a combination of both. Funding mechanisms vary with the particular program and country.
The National Insurance Act Part I provided for a National Insurance scheme with provision of medical benefits. All workers who earned under £160 a year had to pay 4 pence a week to the scheme; the employer paid 3 pence, and general taxation paid 2 pence (Lloyd George called it the "ninepence for fourpence").
The State Earnings Related Pension Scheme ( SERPS ), originally known as the State Earnings Related Pension Supplement, was a UK Government pension arrangement, to which employees and employers contributed between 6 April 1978 and 5 April 2002, when it was replaced by the State Second Pension. Employees who paid full Class 1 National insurance ...
Unemployment insurance in Japan. Unemployment insurance (雇用保険, koyou hoken), also known as 失業保険 (shitsugyou hoken), is the "user pays" system of unemployment benefits that operates in Japan. It is paired with Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance (労働者災害補償保険, rousai hoken) and referred to collectively as ...
National Health Insurance (Japan) National Health Insurance (国民健康保険, Kokumin-Kenkō-Hoken) is one of the two major statutory types of insurance programs available in Japan. The other is Employees' Health Insurance (健康保険, Kenkō-Hoken). National Health insurance is designed for people who are not eligible to be members of any ...
Jobseeker's Allowance ( JSA) is an unemployment benefit paid by the Government of the United Kingdom to people who are unemployed and actively seeking work. It is part of the social security benefits system and is intended to cover living expenses while the claimant is out of work. JSA is administered by the Department for Work and Pensions ...
Social insurance is a public insurance that provides protection against economic risks. Participation in social insurance is compulsory. Social insurance is considered to be a type of social security. Social insurance differs from public support in that individuals' claims are partly dependent on their contributions, which can be considered as ...