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  2. Cartesian doubt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_doubt

    Cartesian doubt is a systematic process of being skeptical about (or doubting) the truth of one's beliefs, which has become a characteristic method in philosophy. [3]: 403 Additionally, Descartes' method has been seen by many as the root of the modern scientific method. This method of doubt was largely popularized in Western philosophy by René ...

  3. Cartesian circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_circle

    Cartesian circle. The Cartesian circle (also known as Arnauld 's circle[1]) is an example of fallacious circular reasoning attributed to French philosopher René Descartes. He argued that the existence of God is proven by reliable perception, which is itself guaranteed by God.

  4. Cartesianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesianism

    Catholic philosophy. Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably François Poullain de la Barre, Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza. [1] Descartes is often regarded as the first thinker to emphasize the use of reason to develop ...

  5. First principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_principle

    First principle. In philosophy and science, a first principle is a basic proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption. First principles in philosophy are from first cause [1] attitudes and taught by Aristotelians, and nuanced versions of first principles are referred to as postulates by Kantians. [2 ...

  6. René Descartes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes

    A Cartesian coordinates graph, using his invented x and y axes. One of Descartes' most enduring legacies was his development of Cartesian or analytic geometry, which uses algebra to describe geometry; the Cartesian coordinate system is named after him. He was first to assign a fundamental place for algebra in the system of knowledge, using it ...

  7. Doubt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubt

    v. t. e. Doubt is a mental state in which the mind remains suspended between two or more contradictory propositions, and is uncertain about them. [1][better source needed] Doubt on an emotional level is indecision between belief and disbelief. It may involve uncertainty, distrust or lack of conviction on certain facts, actions, motives, or ...

  8. Mind–body dualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind–body_dualism

    Cartesian dualism, most famously defended by René Descartes, argues that there are two kinds of substances: mental and physical. [8] [16] Descartes states that the mental can exist outside of the body, and the body cannot think. Substance dualism is important historically for having given rise to much thought regarding the famous mind–body ...

  9. Meditations on First Philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditations_on_First...

    Descartes' doubt is a methodological and rational doubt. That is, the Meditator is not just doubting everything at random, but is providing solid reasons for his doubt at each stage. For instance, he rejects the possibility that he might be mad since that would undercut the rationality that motivates his doubt.