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Track gauge. Track geometry is concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, curves, and surfaces [1] in the three-dimensional positioning of railroad track. The term is also applied to measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of track. Track geometry involves standards, speed limits and other regulations in the ...
Uses of the term. The most common use of the term "track gauge" refers to the transverse distance between the inside surfaces of the two load-bearing rails of a railway track, usually measured at 12.7 millimetres (0.50 inches) to 15.9 millimetres (0.63 inches) below the top of the rail head in order to clear worn corners and allow for rail heads having sloping sides.
Track gauge. Originally, various track gauges were used in the United States. Some railways, primarily in the northeast, used standard gauge of 4 ft in ( 1,435 mm ); others used gauges ranging from 2 ft ( 610 mm) to 6 ft ( 1,829 mm ). As a general rule, southern railroads were built to one or another broad gauge, mostly 5 ft ( 1,524 mm ), while ...
Track gauge. The vast majority of North American railroads are standard gauge ( 4 ft in / 1,435 mm ). Exceptions include some streetcar, subway and rapid transit systems, mining and tunneling operations, and some narrow-gauge lines particularly in the west, e.g. the isolated White Pass and Yukon Route system, and the former Newfoundland Railway ...
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in). The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), international gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in East Africa. It is the most widely used track gauge around the world, with ...
Cape gauge (1,067 mm) Standard gauge (1,435 mm) Russian gauge (1,520 mm) Five foot gauge (1,524 mm) Irish gauge (1,600 mm) Iberian gauge (1,668 mm) Indian gauge (1,676 mm) This list presents an overview of railway track gauges by size. A gauge is measured between the inner faces of the rails.
The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail, perpendicular to its length. Early rails were made of wood, cast iron or wrought iron. All modern rails are hot rolled steel with a cross section (profile) approximate to an I-beam, but asymmetric about a horizontal axis (however see grooved rail below).
The design pattern for horizontal geometry is typically a sequence of straight line (i.e., a tangent) and curve (i.e. a circular arc) segments connected by transition curves. The degree of banking in railroad track is typically expressed as the difference in elevation of the two rails, commonly quantified and referred to as the superelevation.
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