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Learn how function is defined and explained in different fields of biology, from physiology to philosophy. Explore the concepts of adaptation, natural selection, causal role, selected effect and goal contribution in biological systems.
A function is a mathematical concept that assigns to each element of a set exactly one element of another set. Learn the history, definition, types, properties, and examples of functions in mathematics.
A function, procedure, method, or routine (also known as a subprogram) is a callable unit of software logic that can be invoked multiple times. Learn about the history, terminology, and implementation of subprograms in different programming languages and environments.
Functional programming is a paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative style that treats functions as first-class citizens and avoids side effects. Learn the history, concepts, applications and comparison to imperative programming.
Learn how the mathematical concept of a function evolved from the 17th to the 19th century, from analytic expressions to single-valued mappings. Explore the contributions of mathematicians such as Leibniz, Euler, Fourier and Cauchy to the development of the function theory.
A higher-order function is a function that takes or returns other functions as arguments or values. Learn the definition, examples, and applications of higher-order functions in mathematics and computer science.
An elementary function is a function of a single variable that can be built from polynomial, rational, trigonometric, hyperbolic, and exponential functions and their inverses. Learn the definition, examples, closure properties, and differential algebra of elementary functions.
An injective function is a function that maps distinct elements of its domain to distinct elements of its codomain. Learn the definition, examples, properties, and applications of injective functions in mathematics and category theory.