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Pure play method. In finance, the "pure play method" is an approach used to estimate the cost of equity capital of private companies, which involves examining the beta coefficient of other public and single focused companies. [2] See also Hamada's equation . Here, when estimating a private company A's equity beta coefficient, the equity beta ...
Zero-sum game. Zero-sum game is a mathematical representation in game theory and economic theory of a situation that involves two sides, where the result is an advantage for one side and an equivalent loss for the other. [1] In other words, player one's gain is equivalent to player two's loss, with the result that the net improvement in benefit ...
Discovery learning. is a technique of inquiry-based learning and is considered a constructivist based approach to education. It is also referred to as problem-based learning, experiential learning and 21st century learning. It is supported by the work of learning theorists and psychologists Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, and Seymour Papert.
The definition of a formal proof is intended to capture the concept of proofs as written in the practice of mathematics. The soundness of this definition amounts to the belief that a published proof can, in principle, be converted into a formal proof. However, outside the field of automated proof assistants, this is rarely done in practice.
t. e. A pseudorandomly generated bitmap. In common usage, randomness is the apparent or actual lack of definite pattern or predictability in information. [1] [2] A random sequence of events, symbols or steps often has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual random events are, by definition, unpredictable ...
Pure mathematics studies the properties and structure of abstract objects, such as the E8 group, in group theory. This may be done without focusing on concrete applications of the concepts in the physical world. Pure mathematics is the study of mathematical concepts independently of any application outside mathematics. These concepts may ...
Mathematical beauty is the aesthetic pleasure derived from the abstractness, purity, simplicity, depth or orderliness of mathematics. Mathematicians may express this pleasure by describing mathematics (or, at least, some aspect of mathematics) as beautiful or describe mathematics as an art form, (a position taken by G. H. Hardy [1]) or, at a ...
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criterion, from some set of available alternatives. [1] [2] It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization.