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Packing problems are a class of optimization problems in mathematics that involve attempting to pack objects together into containers. The goal is to either pack a single container as densely as possible or pack all objects using as few containers as possible. Many of these problems can be related to real-life packaging, storage and ...
Square–cube law. The square–cube law was first mentioned in Two New Sciences (1638). The square–cube law (or cube–square law) is a mathematical principle, applied in a variety of scientific fields, which describes the relationship between the volume and the surface area as a shape's size increases or decreases.
Circle packing in a square is a packing problem in recreational mathematics, where the aim is to pack n unit circles into the smallest possible square. Equivalently, the problem is to arrange n points in a unit square aiming to get the greatest minimal separation, dn, between points. [1] To convert between these two formulations of the problem ...
Stowage factor. In shipping, the stowage factor indicates how many cubic metres of space one tonne (or cubic feet of space one long ton) of a particular type of cargo occupies in a hold of a cargo ship. [1] It is calculated as the ratio of the stowage space required under normal conditions, including the stowage losses caused by the means of ...
Sphere packing in a cube. In geometry, sphere packing in a cube is a three-dimensional sphere packing problem with the objective of packing spheres inside a cube. It is the three-dimensional equivalent of the circle packing in a square problem in two dimensions. The problem consists of determining the optimal packing of a given number of ...
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
TI-HI. TI-HI, Ti-High, Tie-High, or Ti by Hi is a term often used in the logistics industry. It refers to the number of boxes /cartons stored on a layer, or tier, (the TI) and the number of layers high that these will be stacked on the pallet (the HI). [1] It can also be used in reference to the stacking pattern used to load a pallet in order ...
In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is: where. is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object's geometry and taking into account both skin friction and form drag.