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  2. Rainbow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow

    René Descartes's sketch of how primary and secondary rainbows are formed. Descartes' 1637 treatise, Discourse on Method, further advanced this explanation. Knowing that the size of raindrops did not appear to affect the observed rainbow, he experimented with passing rays of light through a large glass sphere filled with water.

  3. Cartesian coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

    Both Descartes and Fermat used a single axis in their treatments and have a variable length measured in reference to this axis. [3] The concept of using a pair of axes was introduced later, after Descartes' La Géométrie was translated into Latin in 1649 by Frans van Schooten and his students. These commentators introduced several concepts ...

  4. Variable (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)

    Free variables and bound variables A random variable is a kind of variable that is used in probability theory and its applications. All these denominations of variables are of semantic nature, and the way of computing with them ( syntax ) is the same for all.

  5. Mechanical explanations of gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_explanations_of...

    This theory is probably [1] the best-known mechanical explanation, and was developed for the first time by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1690, and re-invented, among others, by Georges-Louis Le Sage (1748), Lord Kelvin (1872), and Hendrik Lorentz (1900), and criticized by James Clerk Maxwell (1875), and Henri Poincaré (1908).

  6. Real number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_number

    In mathematics, a real number is a number that can be used to measure a continuous one-dimensional quantity such as a distance, duration or temperature.Here, continuous means that pairs of values can have arbitrarily small differences.

  7. Descartes' Error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes'_Error

    Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain is a 1994 book by neuroscientist António Damásio describing the physiology of rational thought and decision, and how the faculties could have evolved through Darwinian natural selection. [1]

  8. Free will - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will

    The problem of free will has been identified in ancient Greek philosophical literature. The notion of compatibilist free will has been attributed to both Aristotle (4th century BCE) and Epictetus (1st century CE): "it was the fact that nothing hindered us from doing or choosing something that made us have control over them".

  9. Treatise on Man - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatise_on_Man

    It was written in 1647. Descartes felt knowing oneself was particularly useful. This for him included medical knowledge. He hoped to cure and prevent disease, even to slow down aging. René Descartes believed the soul caused conscious thought. The body caused automatic functions like the beating of the heart and digestion he felt. The body was ...