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Canada is a federation composed of 10 federated states, called provinces, and three federal territories. In turn, these may be grouped into four main regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada ( Eastern Canada refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together). [259]
The history of Canada covers the period from the arrival of the Paleo-Indians to North America thousands of years ago to the present day. The lands encompassing present-day Canada have been inhabited for millennia by Indigenous peoples, with distinct trade networks, spiritual beliefs, and styles of social organization.
Canada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America — New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec ...
It is a sparsely inhabited country of 40 million people, the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver . Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition.
Canada has a vast geography that occupies much of the continent of North America, sharing a land border with the contiguous United States to the south and the U.S. state of Alaska to the northwest. Canada stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; to the north lies the Arctic Ocean. [1]
Canada population density map (2014) Top left: The Quebec City–Windsor Corridor is the most densely inhabited and heavily industrialized region accounting for nearly 50 percent of the total population. Canada ranks 37th by population among countries of the world, comprising about 0.5% of the world's total, with more than 40.7 million Canadians.
The economy of Canada is a highly developed mixed economy, [34] [35] [36] with the world's tenth-largest economy as of 2023, and a nominal GDP of approximately US$ 2.117 trillion. [4] Canada is one of the world's largest trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. [37]
Throughout Canada's history, its culture has been influenced firstly by its indigenous cultures, and later by European culture and traditions, mostly by the British and French. [1] Over time, elements of the cultures of Canada's immigrant populations have become incorporated to form a Canadian cultural mosaic.