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A Linux-based system is a modular Unix-like operating system, deriving much of its basic design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s. Such a system uses a monolithic kernel , the Linux kernel, which handles process control, networking, access to the peripherals , and file systems .
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, [12] : 4 monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386 -based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system, which was written to be a free (libre) replacement for Unix .
A Linux distribution [a] (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection that includes the Linux kernel and often a package management system. Linux users usually obtain their operating system by downloading one of the Linux distributions, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from ...
Monolithic kernel. A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space. The monolithic model differs from other operating system architectures (such as the microkernel architecture) [1] [2] in that it alone defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware.
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system intended for applications with fixed deadlines ( real-time computing ). Such applications include some small embedded systems, automobile engine controllers, industrial robots, spacecraft, industrial control, and some large-scale computing systems.
In 1992, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, recognized computer scientist and author of the Minix microkernel system, wrote a Usenet article on the newsgroup comp.os.minix with the title "Linux is obsolete", which marked the beginning of a famous debate about the structure of the then-recent Linux kernel. Among the most significant criticisms were that:
Kernel (operating system) An oversimplification of how a kernel connects application software to the hardware of a computer. The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system and generally has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel is also responsible for preventing and mitigating conflicts ...
An overview of a Unix filesystem layout. In Unix and operating systems inspired by it, the file system is considered a central component of the operating system. [1] It was also one of the first parts of the system to be designed and implemented by Ken Thompson in the first experimental version of Unix, dated 1969. [2]