Therapists in Ohio

View cities and counties in Ohio
Photo of Dixie Hu, PhD, Psychologist
Dixie Hu
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43210
If you’re reading this, I congratulate you on your courage and determination to seek help. Authenticity, self-alliance, and curious exploration are the core themes of my therapy. I view well-being holistically from a biopsychosocial-spiritual lens, i.e. your early life upbringing, biology, social relationships, stressful life events, demographics (e.g. culture), conscious and subconscious thought patterns, emotional skills, and society all influence your mental health. In practice, I blend empirically supported treatments with energy / spiritual work and social justice informed by 10 years of training and practice.
If you’re reading this, I congratulate you on your courage and determination to seek help. Authenticity, self-alliance, and curious exploration are the core themes of my therapy. I view well-being holistically from a biopsychosocial-spiritual lens, i.e. your early life upbringing, biology, social relationships, stressful life events, demographics (e.g. culture), conscious and subconscious thought patterns, emotional skills, and society all influence your mental health. In practice, I blend empirically supported treatments with energy / spiritual work and social justice informed by 10 years of training and practice.
(614) 683-3035 View (614) 683-3035
Photo of Patty McClarren, MSSA, LISW-S, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patty McClarren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45243  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
If this is your first time considering therapy, or you've seen other counselors but never quite found what you were looking for, I hope my passion, enthusiasm and expertise will assist you in finding hope and healing in your life and relationships. My clients find relief from symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma and grief, while restoring clarity and positive self esteem. Everyone has a unique story, deserves to be heard and to feel better. I truly enjoy every hour I spend with my clients.
If this is your first time considering therapy, or you've seen other counselors but never quite found what you were looking for, I hope my passion, enthusiasm and expertise will assist you in finding hope and healing in your life and relationships. My clients find relief from symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma and grief, while restoring clarity and positive self esteem. Everyone has a unique story, deserves to be heard and to feel better. I truly enjoy every hour I spend with my clients.
(513) 586-6322 View (513) 586-6322
Photo of Hannah Middleton, LPCC, Counselor
Hannah Middleton
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Not accepting new clients
One of the hardest struggles in life can be trying to learn how to navigate the world when something is lost. Facing the reality that we as humans have to grieve losses can be excruciating – whether the loss be of a loved one, relationship, or simply your sense of belonging in this world. Life-altering changes are inevitable parts of the human condition, but this doesn't make them any less painful. Realizing the impermanence of all things can be difficult to bear. You may find yourself in denial – trying your hardest to avoid and shut things out; becoming distant and disconnected. How does one find meaning when the meaning is gone?
One of the hardest struggles in life can be trying to learn how to navigate the world when something is lost. Facing the reality that we as humans have to grieve losses can be excruciating – whether the loss be of a loved one, relationship, or simply your sense of belonging in this world. Life-altering changes are inevitable parts of the human condition, but this doesn't make them any less painful. Realizing the impermanence of all things can be difficult to bear. You may find yourself in denial – trying your hardest to avoid and shut things out; becoming distant and disconnected. How does one find meaning when the meaning is gone?
(440) 294-6163 View (440) 294-6163
Photo of Rachel Scarponi, MEd, LPCC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Scarponi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Kent, OH 44240
Not accepting new clients
My name is Rachel and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with my supervision endorsement (LPCC-S). I am an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Certified Therapist, and I have additional training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and writing WPATH letters for clients seeking medically necessary gender-related healthcare. I strive to create a therapeutic environment that is safe for people of all backgrounds, sexualities, and genders. My style of therapy is direct, empowering, and compassionate.
My name is Rachel and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with my supervision endorsement (LPCC-S). I am an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Certified Therapist, and I have additional training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and writing WPATH letters for clients seeking medically necessary gender-related healthcare. I strive to create a therapeutic environment that is safe for people of all backgrounds, sexualities, and genders. My style of therapy is direct, empowering, and compassionate.
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Photo of Lauren Mills-Ochs, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Mills-Ochs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Celina, OH 45822
I believe that healing is a process we all undertake in our own unique way. At its core, my responsibility as your counselor is to help guide you through that process and to illustrate the importance of holding space, validating and allowing you to fully feel, process and understand needs, traumas and emotions.
I believe that healing is a process we all undertake in our own unique way. At its core, my responsibility as your counselor is to help guide you through that process and to illustrate the importance of holding space, validating and allowing you to fully feel, process and understand needs, traumas and emotions.
(419) 584-5123 View (419) 584-5123
Photo of Kelley Smith, MA LPCC, Counselor
Kelley Smith
Counselor, MA LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43206
Not accepting new clients
Clients seeking my services have typically gone through very difficult circumstances and are looking for assistance in rebuilding parts of their life. My practice is open to the full diversity of human beings: all expressions of sexuality, gender identification, personal or ethnic culture, social location, religion/spirituality, absence of religion/spirituality, or other unique framework of identity you hold.
Clients seeking my services have typically gone through very difficult circumstances and are looking for assistance in rebuilding parts of their life. My practice is open to the full diversity of human beings: all expressions of sexuality, gender identification, personal or ethnic culture, social location, religion/spirituality, absence of religion/spirituality, or other unique framework of identity you hold.
(380) 212-3583 View (380) 212-3583
Photo of undefined - Cornerstone Behavioral Health, LPCC-S, CCTP, CCFP, CDBT, EMDR-T
Cornerstone Behavioral Health
LPCC-S, CCTP, CCFP, CDBT, EMDR-T
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Lakewood, OH 44107  (Online Only)
Hope starts here. Are you feeling sad or stressed? Do you experience mood swings but don't really know why? Maybe you've been withdrawing from family, friends, or activities that used to breathe light into your life. If you have been feeling depressed, have found yourself more angry or hostile than normal, or suffer from low energy or problems sleeping, you may have an untreated mental health issue. Mental health impacts your way of thinking, relating to others, and overall quality of life. Many issues have been identified and defined including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress (PTSD), etc. You don't have to suffer anymore.
Hope starts here. Are you feeling sad or stressed? Do you experience mood swings but don't really know why? Maybe you've been withdrawing from family, friends, or activities that used to breathe light into your life. If you have been feeling depressed, have found yourself more angry or hostile than normal, or suffer from low energy or problems sleeping, you may have an untreated mental health issue. Mental health impacts your way of thinking, relating to others, and overall quality of life. Many issues have been identified and defined including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress (PTSD), etc. You don't have to suffer anymore.
(216) 238-5187 View (216) 238-5187
Photo of Logan Fang, LPCC
Logan Fang
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43085  (Online Only)
I'm Logan (they/them) and I'm an East Asian non-binary person who has lived insight into what it’s like to not be white, cis, or straight in a state like Ohio. I’ve lived in the Midwest my whole life, and I also come from a background of being raised in Christian/immigrant communities. I have experience working with the following: QTBIPOC communities, neurodivergent people, and people living with HIV. I’ve also got experience working specifically with trans clients who are exploring their transition process. I think it's crucial to provide empowering and identity-specific therapy spaces, especially for QTBIPOC right now.
I'm Logan (they/them) and I'm an East Asian non-binary person who has lived insight into what it’s like to not be white, cis, or straight in a state like Ohio. I’ve lived in the Midwest my whole life, and I also come from a background of being raised in Christian/immigrant communities. I have experience working with the following: QTBIPOC communities, neurodivergent people, and people living with HIV. I’ve also got experience working specifically with trans clients who are exploring their transition process. I think it's crucial to provide empowering and identity-specific therapy spaces, especially for QTBIPOC right now.
(614) 714-5650 View (614) 714-5650
Photo of Christina R Hall, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina R Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Elyria, OH 44035
I enjoy working with clients who may be struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, emotional management, poor self-esteem, experiencing grief and loss; who are motivated and open to change and doing homework, and who desire to be a healthier version of themselves.
I enjoy working with clients who may be struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, emotional management, poor self-esteem, experiencing grief and loss; who are motivated and open to change and doing homework, and who desire to be a healthier version of themselves.
(937) 821-5988 View (937) 821-5988
Photo of Amy Weller, MA , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Weller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
Verified Verified
Newark, OH 43055
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
(740) 639-5059 View (740) 639-5059
Photo of Paul J Schwartz, MD
Paul J Schwartz
MD
Verified Verified
West Chester, OH 45069
Not accepting new clients
Some of the main issues for which individuals typically seek psychotherapy include, 1) Why are my relationships so troubled?, 2) Why have I been unhappy for so long?, 3) Why do I repeat the same problems over and over again?, 4) Is my past haunting me?, 5) How can I regain my self-respect and dignity?, 6) What is causing my symptoms such as anxiety, depression, or insomnia?, and 7) Do I need medication? In addition to these important issues, I would also ask, "Is there anything more important in your life than your psychological well-being?"
Some of the main issues for which individuals typically seek psychotherapy include, 1) Why are my relationships so troubled?, 2) Why have I been unhappy for so long?, 3) Why do I repeat the same problems over and over again?, 4) Is my past haunting me?, 5) How can I regain my self-respect and dignity?, 6) What is causing my symptoms such as anxiety, depression, or insomnia?, and 7) Do I need medication? In addition to these important issues, I would also ask, "Is there anything more important in your life than your psychological well-being?"
(513) 847-3535 View (513) 847-3535
Photo of Katy Jackson, BA, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katy Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dublin, OH 43017
Struggling with your mental health can feel lonely, confusing, and often times overwhelming. I offer a space where people can bring their most authentic self and find healing. If you are suffering and ready to seek support and growth, I would be honored to walk with you through your current circumstances with the goal of seeking relief. I provide confidential counseling to adults, adolescents, and children ages 10+. My focus includes anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, behavioral concerns, relationship distress, and other personal issues.
Struggling with your mental health can feel lonely, confusing, and often times overwhelming. I offer a space where people can bring their most authentic self and find healing. If you are suffering and ready to seek support and growth, I would be honored to walk with you through your current circumstances with the goal of seeking relief. I provide confidential counseling to adults, adolescents, and children ages 10+. My focus includes anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, behavioral concerns, relationship distress, and other personal issues.
(614) 902-4817 x503 View (614) 902-4817 x503
Photo of Dr. Stephanie A Moore, PhD, LPCC-S, Counselor
Dr. Stephanie A Moore
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Stephanie, and I enjoy working with clients who recognize there are changes they wish to make in their lives but perhaps they are a bit nervous about how and when to make those changes. My approach to counseling includes an integrative style that examines the holistic functioning of my clients. If you are looking to understand how to support your overall health and wellness with a provider who is trained in evidence-based counseling theory as well as holistic health practices, we should chat! The best way to reach out is via email where you can tell me a bit about what support you need.
Hello! My name is Stephanie, and I enjoy working with clients who recognize there are changes they wish to make in their lives but perhaps they are a bit nervous about how and when to make those changes. My approach to counseling includes an integrative style that examines the holistic functioning of my clients. If you are looking to understand how to support your overall health and wellness with a provider who is trained in evidence-based counseling theory as well as holistic health practices, we should chat! The best way to reach out is via email where you can tell me a bit about what support you need.
(330) 427-4244 View (330) 427-4244
Photo of Hilary Boyle, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hilary Boyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Holland, OH 43528
Do you have chronic pain and medical conditions? Anxiety? Depression? I have personal and professional experience and understand how it is hard to find someone who “gets it.” I would like to work alongside you to help you live a happy, meaningful life with these conditions. I also enjoy helping individuals with mood disorders, stress management, and life transitions. I currently see clients ages 12 and up.
Do you have chronic pain and medical conditions? Anxiety? Depression? I have personal and professional experience and understand how it is hard to find someone who “gets it.” I would like to work alongside you to help you live a happy, meaningful life with these conditions. I also enjoy helping individuals with mood disorders, stress management, and life transitions. I currently see clients ages 12 and up.
(855) 805-4673 View (855) 805-4673
Photo of Savannah Sheets, LPCC, Counselor
Savannah Sheets
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, OH 44001
Savannah is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who received her Bachelor’s of Psychology and Master’s of Clinical Counseling at The University of Toledo. Savannah has experience working in outpatient community mental health settings doing individual and group therapy for all ages. Savannah specializes in all ages that experience or have been diagnosed with ADHD, mood disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, parenting help, and helping individuals gain independent living skills in order to succeed. Savannah is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy.
Savannah is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who received her Bachelor’s of Psychology and Master’s of Clinical Counseling at The University of Toledo. Savannah has experience working in outpatient community mental health settings doing individual and group therapy for all ages. Savannah specializes in all ages that experience or have been diagnosed with ADHD, mood disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, parenting help, and helping individuals gain independent living skills in order to succeed. Savannah is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy.
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Photo of Victoria Frazier, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Victoria Frazier
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I would be honored to join you on your journey of self discovery and personal growth. I believe in working collaboratively with you to meet you where you are and develop solutions that will best serve you. Together, we will identify strengths that you may not even know you possess and develop insight to begin working towards your goals And, if you are just having a bad day, we can work on your coping skills, too! My hope is that through our work together, we will create an empowering and safe space to tackle whatever you bring to our shared space. I offer a fresh perspective to guide us through what can be an overwhelming process.
I would be honored to join you on your journey of self discovery and personal growth. I believe in working collaboratively with you to meet you where you are and develop solutions that will best serve you. Together, we will identify strengths that you may not even know you possess and develop insight to begin working towards your goals And, if you are just having a bad day, we can work on your coping skills, too! My hope is that through our work together, we will create an empowering and safe space to tackle whatever you bring to our shared space. I offer a fresh perspective to guide us through what can be an overwhelming process.
(440) 791-2067 View (440) 791-2067
Photo of Taylour Kidd, LPCC, Counselor
Taylour Kidd
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Akron, OH 44312
I work with adults and adolescents who struggle with issues such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, stress management, managing care tasks, ADHD, trauma, adjustment and life changes, and addiction.
I work with adults and adolescents who struggle with issues such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, stress management, managing care tasks, ADHD, trauma, adjustment and life changes, and addiction.
(330) 708-7857 View (330) 708-7857
Photo of Jennifer Eller, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Eller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
Hi, I'm Jenny, a compassionate master’s level licensed social worker specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and strengths-based therapy. I help older adults who experience grief, anxiety, trauma, or depression and have concerns related to aging. My mission is to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where you can freely express yourself and work towards meaningful change.
Hi, I'm Jenny, a compassionate master’s level licensed social worker specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and strengths-based therapy. I help older adults who experience grief, anxiety, trauma, or depression and have concerns related to aging. My mission is to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where you can freely express yourself and work towards meaningful change.
(614) 756-3856 View (614) 756-3856
Photo of undefined - Autism Spectrum Evaluation Clinic, Counselor
Autism Spectrum Evaluation Clinic
Counselor
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
Gahanna, OH 43230  (Online Only)
The Autism Spectrum Evaluation Clinic of A Child and Family Psychiatry in Gahanna, Ohio is accepting appointments for children, teens, and adults who need an evaluation for autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Evaluations are conducted on weekends; they are comprehensive and take several hours to complete. The tasks can be broken up across two days if necessary, depending on the needs of the person being evaluated. Most appointments can be accommodated within 4 weeks, with a final report expected 2 weeks following the evaluation.
The Autism Spectrum Evaluation Clinic of A Child and Family Psychiatry in Gahanna, Ohio is accepting appointments for children, teens, and adults who need an evaluation for autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Evaluations are conducted on weekends; they are comprehensive and take several hours to complete. The tasks can be broken up across two days if necessary, depending on the needs of the person being evaluated. Most appointments can be accommodated within 4 weeks, with a final report expected 2 weeks following the evaluation.
(614) 328-5453 View (614) 328-5453
Photo of David Monter, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Monter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Uniontown, OH 44685
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, or struggling to cope with life’s challenges? You have come to the right place. Still have doubts? That’s ok! I believe that finding the right therapist is one of the most important considerations when entering into therapy. A critical part of my clinical practice is building rapport and developing the relationship with you to help you achieve your goals. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental environment, which encourages my clients to move towards change and growth. Life can be tough sometimes, but then again so can you. Let me help you discover your true potential & authentic self.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, or struggling to cope with life’s challenges? You have come to the right place. Still have doubts? That’s ok! I believe that finding the right therapist is one of the most important considerations when entering into therapy. A critical part of my clinical practice is building rapport and developing the relationship with you to help you achieve your goals. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental environment, which encourages my clients to move towards change and growth. Life can be tough sometimes, but then again so can you. Let me help you discover your true potential & authentic self.
(330) 542-5739 View (330) 542-5739

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Ohio who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
72% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Ohio see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ohio?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.